Most often such arguments draw upon some notion of the multiverse for there to be a statistical population of universes to select from. The weak anthropic principle ( WAP), such as the one defined by Brandon Carter, states that the universe's ostensible fine tuning is the result of selection bias (specifically survivorship bias). Philosopher Nick Bostrom counts them at thirty, but the underlying principles can be divided into "weak" and "strong" forms, depending on the types of cosmological claims they entail. There are many different formulations of the anthropic principle. Anthropic reasoning is often used to deal with the notion that the universe seems to be fine tuned. Proponents of the anthropic principle argue that it explains why this universe has the age and the fundamental physical constants necessary to accommodate conscious life, since if either had been different, we would not have been around to make observations. The anthropic principle is the principle that there is a restrictive lower bound on how statistically probable our observations of the universe are, given that we could only exist in the particular type of universe capable of developing and sustaining sentient life. For the book by Nick Bostrom, see Anthropic Bias (book).
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